List of 12 Jyotirlingas: Names, Places and Their Historical Significance Across India

Somnath is the first Jyotirlinga of Lord Shiva situated in Veraval, Gujarat. According to Mythology, Somnath Jyotirlinga is related to the story of Moon God and Lord Shiva. Moon God had many wives, but he loved his one wife named Rohini more than others. During that time, the other wives of Moon God got really upset and complained to their father, Daksha Prajapati. Daksha After that, Daksha cursed Chandra Dev (the Moon God) that he would set it within 24 hours, and Daksha would create a new celestial body in his place. To save Chandra Dev, Goddess Sati obtained the Mahamrityunjaya mantra from Rishi Markandeya. All of Chandra Dev's wives, along with Rishi Markandeya and Goddess Sati, established a Shivalinga on the seashore, laid Chandra Dev before it, and recited the Mahamrityunjaya mantra. At that moment, Lord Shiva appeared and granted new life to Chandra Dev. From that time, Shivalinga has been worshiped as a Jyotirlinga. It is believed that a person who takes blessings of Somnath Jyotirlinga can achieve long life. 

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Vishwanath Jyotirling is situated in the oldest town of India, Kashi which is also known as Banaras and Varanasi. According to Shiv Puaran, once upon a time Lord Brahma and Lord Vishnu got into the argument that who among them is superior. After listening to their arguments, Lord Shiva asked both of them to go check the end point of Shivlinga which is present in universe, he asked Lord Brahma to go upwards and Lord Vishnu to go downwards, he said whosoever among both of them will find the end point of Shivlinga will be the superior one. Afterwards, when Lord Vishnu failed to find out the end point of Shivlinga, he came back and told Lord Shiva that there is no one superior than Lord Shiva itself, whereas Lord Brahma came back and lied to everyone that he found the start point of Shivlinga in order to prove that he is superior than others. In that case, Lord Shiva cursed Lord Brahma that he will never be worshiped again by people and Lord Shiva came to Banaras where he found peace and stayed there in the form of Shivlinga which is later known as Vishwanath Jyotirlinga. 

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Kedarnath Jyotirlinga is located in the Himalayan Garwali Range of Uttarakhand near Mandakini River. Kedarnath comes under the Char-Dham of Uttarakhand. According to Mythology, once upon a time there was a twin brother named Nar-Narayan which is also known as the incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Nara and Narayana sat on the mountain and meditated in the name of Shiva for more than 1,000 years. One day, Lord Shiva, pleased with their devotion, appeared to grant them a boon. When asked what they desired, the brothers said that they wanted water to be created on Kedar Mountain, as it was slowly drying up and had no water, so that people could live there. Lord Shiva agreed to their request and established the Mandakini River there, after which people began to settle in that place. Also, Lord Shiva itself stayed there in the form of Kedarnath Jyotirlinga. Apart from the story of existence, Kedarnath Jyotirlinga holds various stories and glories of Lord Kedarnath. 

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Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga is situated in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, in the town of Rameswaram. The Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga is not just only a part of 12 Jyotirlingas but also a part of the Char Dham of the world. The Jyotirlinga was established during the time of Ramayana. When Lord Ram defeated Ravana, he wanted to thank Lord Shiva because he thought that he won with the blessings of Lord Shiva. There, Lord Ram asked Lord Hanuman to bring Shivlinga from Kailash Parbat, but when he delayed to come back, Lord Ram itself established a Shivlinga there and Lord Shiva came there and blessed everyone. Lord Shiva stayed there in the form of Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga. Apart from this, when Lord Hanuman arrived and saw that Lord was already there, he felt a little disappointed that he did not witness the establishment of Shivalinga, Lord Ram then placed the Shivlinga brought by Lord Hanuman. From then, there are two Shivlingas which form Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga. It is said that, in Rameshwaram, devotees get blessings from Lord Ram, Lord Shiva and Lord Hanuman. Every year, a group of many people come to take blessings from these Lords. 

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Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga is located in Deoghar in the state of Jharkhand. Mythology says, Ravana, the king of Lanka was one of the greatest devotees of Lord Shiva. He meditated for more than 100 years to Lord Shiva and attained various blessings from him, like, power, energy, wealth and more. Ravana visited Kailash Mountain and requested Lord Shiva to come along with him to Lanka in the form of a Shivlinga. Lord Shiva denied his request instead he gave him another Shivlinga and asked him to not place it on earth till he reached Lanka, because wherever he will place the Shivlinga, he won’t be able to lift it again. Ravana agreed to the condition and took Shivlinga with him. Later, Lord Vishnu disguised as a cowherd in order to fool Ravana so that he mistakenly placed the Shivlinga on ground. Later, Lord Vishnu achieved his goal and Shivlinga came on ground. Ravana tried his hardest to lift it again but failed and the Shivlinga later became known as Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga. 

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Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga is located in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The Jyotirlinga came into existence when a demon named Dushan spread destruction in the state. A devotee named Shrikhar made a group of devotees and along with them he placed a Shivlinga in front of him and started chanting “Om Namah Shivaay”. When Dushan heard this news, he immediately came there to break the Shivlinga, there Lord Shiva came out of the Shivlinga and killed Dushan. Afterwards, the Shivalinga rejoined by itself, and Lord Shiva became enshrined in it. Since then, he has been worshiped as King Mahakal of Ujjain. 

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Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga is located in Omkareshwar, district of Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh. According to mythology, the origin of Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga is related to various stories. According to one well-known tale, the gods prayed to Lord Shiva for victory during a major battle between them and the demons. Because of their devotion, Lord Shiva blessed and empowered them by becoming the form of Omkareshwar. In order to appease Lord Shiva, King Mandhata and his sons engaged in severe penance on this island, according to another tradition. Shiva showed up and blessed the location after being moved by their devotion, establishing it as a hallowed dwelling. 

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Ghushneshwar Jyotirlinga is located in the village of Vellura, Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. Shiva Purana says, once upon a time two sisters named Ghushma and Sudeha got married in the same house with two brothers. Ghushma was younger than Sudeha but she gave birth to the child before Sudeha. On the other hand, Sudeha was struggling to get her own child. At first point, Sudeha was very happy to see Ghushma's son but at second point she started feeling jealous of her. Later, Sudeha killed Ghushma's son and threw his body into the lake where Ghushma would sit in front of Shivlinga every day to worship and chant the name of Lord Shiva. When Ghushma found out, she sat by the lake and called upon Lord Shiva, and a miracle happened. Ghushma saw that her son emerged from the lake alive. There, the Shivlinga became Ghushneshwar Jyotirlinga. 

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Malilaarjuna Jyotirlinga is located in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh. According to scriptures, the two sons of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, named Ganesh and Kartikeya got into an argument regarding their marriages. After that, Kartikeya left the Kailash Parvat in anger and started his meditation on Kronch Hills. After some time, Goddess Parvati along with Lord Shiva visits Kronch Hills in order to pull down the anger of their son, Kartikeya. Afterwards, Kartikeya gives up on his anger, there, ShivShakti together formed a Shivlinga named Malikaarjuna in which Malika name was denoted to Goddess Parvati and Arjuna name was denoted to Lord Shiva. The Malikaarjuna Jyotirlinga is denoted to the love and bond of ShivShakti.  

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Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga is situated in Pune, Maharashtra, India. The existence of Bhimashankar is mentioned in the Hindu scriptures. According to these scriptures, once upon a time, there was a demon named Tripurasura, he gained powers from Gods by performing meditation for many years. After receiving powers from Gods, he started destruction on the earth. At that point, people started worshiping Lord Shiva and requested him to save them. Lord Shiva came in front of Tripurasura and killed him in a fight. During the fight, the sweat of Lord Shiva dropped on the ground where Bhima River was formed. There only, Lord Shiva stayed in the form of a Shivlinga which is now known as Bhimashankara Jyotirlinga. 

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Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga is located in Nashik, Maharashtra. The Jyotirlinga is linked to the holy Godavari River. According to the story, Sage Gautama prayed to Lord Shiva to bring the Ganga (Godavari) to Earth to clean his ashram from a sin. Lord Shiva was pleased with his devotion and granted his wish by appearing as the Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga. This temple is special because it has three lingas that represent Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh (Shiva). People believe that visiting Trimbakeshwar washes away sins, removes problems, and brings peace and prosperity. It is a famous and sacred place for devotees.

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Nageshwar Jyotirlinga is located in Dwarka, Gujarat. Hindu scriptures say, there was a demon named Daruka who does not like people worshiping any God as for him, he is more powerful than God himself, hence he should be worshiped and not any other God should be worshiped. He sent all the people in jail who were worshiping other Gods. From those people, there was a kid, named Supriya. When Daruka sent Supriya to jail, he did not stop his puja. Instead he placed a stone in the jail, imagined the stone as Shivlinga, and started worshiping the stone with loud chants of “Om Namah Shivay”. When Daruka came to know about this, he immediately came and tried to kill Supriya and Lord Shiva appeared in order to stop Daruka. Afterwards, Lord Shiva killed Daruka and stayed in the shivlinga placed by Supriya. The Shivlinga became Nageshwar Jyotirlinga.  

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The 12 Jyotirlingas are a symbol of divine energy and hold immense importance in Hinduism. Each temple has its unique history and spiritual significance which makes them a must visit place for devotees and spiritual seekers. These Jyotirlingas remind us of the power and presence of Lord Shiva in our lives. Visiting these places is not just a journey through beautiful temples but also a path to inner peace and spiritual growth. They inspire faith, devotion and a deeper connection with the divine.